The impact of computer innovation on commercial bank in nigeria free essay sample

Glory, honour and adoration are to God Almighty the alpha and omega for the opportunity given to me to pursue my career. I am expressing my sincere gratitude to my able and efficient Co-coordinator and Supervisor, Prince Madandola T. N. who tender heartedly to read through the script, offered useful suggestion and assistance and also for his motivation, patience and understanding which contributed to shaping the course of the study. My unreserved appreciation goes to my parents Mr. Ganiy Ibrahim and Mrs. Ayandokun for their support since I was born till date and forever. May they live long to reap the fruits of their labour. I am also grateful to my lecturers in the university, especially department of Computer Science. Also, I send gratitude to my course mate for their trust in me throughout the course of study. My special thanks to my brothers and sisters Ibrahim Kafayat, Ibrahim Monsurat, Adebayo habeeb, Adebayo fatimoh, Adebayo Barakat, Adebayo Hammed, Adebayo Ibrahim, Adebayo Taiye and Kehinde for their prayer throughout my study, I love you all. We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of computer innovation on commercial bank in nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page May you all obtain favour anywhere you face in life (Amen). I am ingrate if I forget to appreciate my Aunty and mummy Mrs. Yusuph M. for her motivation and encouragement throughout my schooling. If not for her I would have dropped out from J. S. S three. Life without the real friends is like a dark endless tunnel for this I say a big thank to you all, some of them include:- Azeez. Maruf, Lateef, Uthman, Nurudeen, Tajudeen, Sodiq2, Dayo, Ayobami, Olamide, Olaide, Gafar, Ahmed, Olumide, Zynab, Muideen, Muritala, Yusuf, Jamiu and others. I can’t thank you enough, I love you all. Also, I appreciate my wife to be Miss. Yinusa Abosede M. for her all time contribution, thank you so much. May God help you too? Finally, I thank all those who have been involved in one way or the other in my life. Thank you all. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the impact of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria a case study of United Bank for Africa. This research work has become necessary to investigate the issue in all ramifications, with the view to identify changes in the level of activities of commercial bank as a result of computer innovation in business organizations and commercial banking services. Although, computer have tendency to reduce labour force but it makes banking operation faster and efficient. Data were gathered after conducting a survey by administering questionnaire and granting personal interview. Simple percentage, bar chart and chi-square were used as statistical tools to analyzed data. Lastly, it was deduced during hypothesis testing process that all the null hypotheses were rejected and alternative hypothesis were accepted, it was agreed that computer innovation has positive impact on banking industry. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Question Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Delimitation Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Historical Background of computer History of computer in Nigeria Banking services in Nigeria History of United Bank for Africa Plc Role of Computer on the Banking Industry Importance of Computer in the Sector Effort of United Bank for Africa Plc in Computerization Problem facing computer Innovation in Nigeria These have brought about multiplicity of linkages and inter connection among the financial institution in the present world system. In this expansion of market scope, the process by which events, decision and achievements in one part of the world have significance effects on individuals, corporate organizations and even government on quite different part of the globe. The promotion of global financial system are facilitated by the fact technically, bankers can reach any part of the world in just a little time and part of the ability to integrate previously separate production functions. Over the last few years the initial computers, every newspaper, article relating to management, education of offices practice seem to refer to the computer revolution but what does computer really means? In essence, computer can be defined as a machine which accept data from an input device, performs arithmetical and logical operations in accordance with a predefined programme and finally transfers the processed data to an output device either for further processing or in find printed form, such as business documents schedules and management control reports. Background to the Study The computer system has inevitably asserted itself in almost all spheres of human endeavour because of its accuracy, efficiency and high processing data. In a fast growing technological and computer age, various efforts have been made and are still being made to develop computer programmes to enhance all area of human engagement. This is because of the need for information in any organization like the commercial banks. These demands for information exist because of: i. The need to provide current and historical banking record e. g its profit and loss account ii. Need for making short and long term decision iii. Need to provide information to customers and associate iv. Provide information to investors and share holders v. Provide information for regulatory agencies vi. Competitors also require information to plan their own strategies For any information to be useful it must be timely properly integrated. Concise available in proper format and relevant, Traditional information system failed to satisfy most of this and this is low the computer oriented management information system was develop and fast gaining ground. The growing presence of computer especially in Commercial Banks in the country is enjoyed and its benefit harnessed. The commercial bank by sheer size in relation to the financial system has experience growth as a result of computer innovation. A commercial bank is a financial institution of claims Akinuli O. defines commercial bank as a dealer in capital, a dealer in money. It is an intermediate party between a borrower and a lender. In Nigeria, a banking act of 1999 defined commercial bank as a business of receiving monthly from outside source and deposit respectively of the payment of interest order granting of money loan and acceptance of credit and cheques of the purchases and sales of security. Other financial institutions in Nigeria apart from the commercial banks are the central bank, Merchant banks, Agriculture bank, Mortgage bank, Development bank of all financial institutions in general and banks in particular the commercial bankers have distinguished themselves as the grant provider of wide range of deposit abilities and loan facilities to more customers. They are in business and as such, seek to maximize their profits. Commercial banking operations involve acceptance of deposits i. e. mobilization of funds, granting of advance i. e.  giving loans financing of commodity exports by granting credits to the marketing boards, acting as issuing houses for debentures, lending funds for business entities etc. A commercial bank is an open social system which affects and is affected by its environment. The commercial bank is made to realize its responsibility to both customers and the government in the society through its functions rendered. The commercial banks traditionall y will in fore – seeable future play a dominant role in the Nigeria financial system since they represent the system. They are also channel through which the monetary policies are affected and they account for a significant portions of the money supply inform of demand deposits. In performing all the above operations the commercial bank need the innovation of computer for effective delivery. The growing in the activities of commercial bank has necessitated the quality of services available. One of the first breaks through in country machine was the Chinese Abacus which Adds, subtracts, divides multiplier. In 1890, Herman Hollerith developed the first mechanical machines of calculating. He developed computing calculating machine, he finally developed computing recording company known as international business machine or IBM (Onasanya 1995). Computer usage is not limited to the banking industry alone. It is used in homes, establishment, schools, engineering firms and other places where calculations can be done with accuracy and accountability. Statement of the Problem The complexity of modern business demand for a system that is faster and efficient. In particular banking services has grown overtime application in all form, is inevitable hence the banks have urged there staff to brace up for their imperatives of modern banking by acquiring computer literacy skills. Among the problem this study intends to solve or proffer solution are:- i. Poor Technological know – how ii. Erratic power failure iii. Acquisition of obsolete equipment iv. Lack of technical skills v. Lack of capital Research question i. What impact in qualitative term does computer innovation have on the activity of commercial banks? ii. What global business effect or networking does computer innovation has on commercial banks? iii. Identify problems associated with rapid development of computer on the banking services Hypotheses For the purpose of this research work, some alternative hypotheses were formulated on the impact of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria. These are:- i. There is a positive relationship in the introduction of computer in banks and their performance ii. There is drastic reduction in banking labour force in relationship with computer innovation iii. There is decline in workers performance/activity in relationship to introduction of computer in banking sector Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to conduct empirical research highlighting the impact of computer innovation on the financial institution. Therefore, the specific purposes of this study are:- i. To find out changes (positive and negative) in the level of activity of commercial bank as a result of computer innovation ii. To know the extent in which computer innovation has promoted global business organization. iii. To find out how computer innovation make commercial bank services faster ad efficiency iv. To determine whether computer innovation reduces banking labour forces Significance of the Study However, by 1986 when SAP (structural adjusted programme) was introduced the forces unleashed by the liberalization and deregulation not only changed the structure of the banking industry, but also the content of services and banking business, leading to increased competition among banks, as well as between banks and other financial institution. This competition now is not only in the area of struggle for available clients, but also for skilled manpower, capital deposits and ability to use the relevant gadgets to speed-up banking transaction. Also the growing recognition to suit banking needs in Nigeria and elsewhere for sometime to come and continue to contribute towards improving the quality of services available. Indeed, with the emergency of the global digital economy and increased internationalization and competition, Nigeria banks must enlarge and deepen their technological base, if they are to viable domestically and competitive internationally. Delimitation This research will be conducted mainly on the commercial banks innovation of computer in Nigeria with particular attention drawn on United Bank for Africa Plc. For easiest conduct, the research will be limited to United Bank for Africa Ilorin main branch, though the success of this research depends on the cooperation of the organization. The organization might have fear of leakage of information to its competitor and the need to prevent fraud may make it difficult to get all the necessary data. Therefore, data integrate; data security and control will be maintained. The research was hampered by the location of this study and financial  constraints. The location was restricted to only Ilorin branch because not all the branches of UBA Plc have been computerized in the country. Researching the study to Ilorin branch area will definitely deny the researcher the opportunity of examining the mode of operations in other sates where the Bank also has enough branches. The researcher moves f rom the college to the field to source for materials, buying of textbooks, researchers modify expenditures by giving the research work a top priority, thereby overcoming the problem of finance. Definition of Term These are definition of some terms:- Computer: is a machine that stores information and can workout answer to sums very quickly, machine that accepts data (Harold, 1981). Computer can also be define as a powerful electronic device which has the capacity of arithmetic and logical operations on data and produce the result of these operations as information (Adebisi, 2004). Innovation: is an existing new idea or method that people are using for the first time. Economics: as a subject can be define as a social science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses (Oyeniyi, 1997). Chart:- is a map, large piece of paper with information on it in pictures and uniting Commercial bank: (or business bank) is a type of financial institution and intermediary, it is a bank that lends money and provides savings, and money market accounts and that accepts time deposit (Steven, 2003). Survey:- is the technique and science of collecting information Questionnaire: is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompt for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. (Mellengerh, 2008) Banking: is the business conducted or services offered by bank. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In this study attempt has been made to research into the impact of computer innovation on commercial bank with special reference to United Bank of Africa plc. It is hoped that in the process of pursuing this goal, all good points as well as the inadequacies or short coming in our computerization will be highlighted. In delving into the practice of banking in relation to computerization a number of interesting literatures was reviewed. A computer can be define as an electronic device capable of accepting data automatically, perform some logical operation in order to produce a result known as information. Computer has made it possible to vast amount of information needed to increase the efficiency in production and management. Computers are device for processing information at high speed by electronic methods. It has the ability of accepting data, internally store and automatically executes a programme of instruction, reports the results. Computer systems compose of two broad categories operation. One category of programme is controls aspects of it operation, the other category consist of the application programme which instructs the computer to perform those procedure necessary to get job done. Historical Background of Computer The emergency of computers dated back to the 17th century B. C. when the first tool called Abacus was used. The first ABACUS was invented about 300 B. C. it used pebbles to perform simple additions and subtraction. The second type was the Chinese ABACUS which used wire and beads, it perform some operations as the first one but with increased speed and accuracy. In 1642, the French mathematician Blaise Pascal invented the first automatic calculator. In the early 1670’s a German mathematician Gottfreid with elonvon cerbruiz extended the usefulness of Pascal calculator (world book encyclopedia 1990 page 908-923). The most remarkable invention was that of the English mathematician, Charles Babbage. In 1830’s he invented a mechanical computer called analytical and difference engine. Therefore, the first successful computer a punched card system which used electricity was developed in 1980 by Herman Hollerith for calculation of census result. In 1896, Hollerith founded the tabulation machine company and some of the machines he developed were key machines, verifier, sorters and calculators most of Hollerith’s machines are incorporated into today’s modern computers. In 1911, Hollerith sold his share of the company and the name was changed to the computing tabulating recording company (C. T. R). In 1924, the name again changed to international business Machine Company (IBM) Vennever Bush, an America Electrical engineer developed a computer in 1930, he built the differential analysis which was the first analog computer. Some scientist and engineers saw greater computing potential in electronics therefore in 1939 Join V. Aranagost constructed the first semi-electronic computing device. This led to the manufacture of the first high speed electronic cod breaking computer, colossus I in Britain in 1943. In 1946, S. Prosper Jr. and John William Mauchily built the first full electronic digital called ENAIC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). In 1951, Eckert and Mauchily invented a more advance computer called UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic computer). Invention or the history of computer development can essentially be classified into two main generations namely: Vacuum tubes series and Transistors (semi conductors). The invention of transistor in 1847 led to the production of faster and reliable electronic computer. The first personal computer, the ALTAIR was introduced in 1975 by a company called MITS and 1977 American students Steven P. Jobs and Stephen G. Klozatak introduced the apply II pc (Macmillan Encyclopedia). Already some computers utilize voices and hard written inputs and peripheral devices with speed. These are the first generation computers being programmed as automatic machines called Robots. These robots have the computer brain (processor) and cab perform complex routines. In the future, even more computing power will be smaller and more portable. As computer power increase, so did its speed. Computer researchers continue to seek ways to develop faster and more powerful machines and software. As computer improve, so it will operate in such powered batteries and they will not be limited to specialist alone, ordinary people of all ages rely on them for everyday use. All above activities set stage for introduction of the IBM personal computer. The dept of IBM, PC, using PC DOS occurred on Tuesday august 11, 1981 on the day a new stand took its place in the micro computer industry (Ifrah, 2001). History of Computer in Nigeria The computer system has inevitably asserted itself in all spheres of human endeavour of which banking is one because of its accuracy, efficiency, transfer of information and high speed in processing data. In the fast growing technological and computer age, various efforts have been made to develop computer programme to positively enhance all areas of human engagements. Micro computer has become a necessary adjunct to modern life. The micro computers service diverse interests and solve various problems to made life more comfortable and bearable both at home and in the professional fields in Nigeria. It was in 1964 that the computer (IBM 1401) made a quick entry into the Nigeria society. Today, there is a growing presence of the computer in the country. The oil and business sector enjoy its usage most which the benefit are being enjoyed by other sectors of the Nigeria economy. Several accounting and statistical computer were introduced. Database which is an integrated collection or ordered data about an organization with minimum depreciation as pool information for many users has the capacity:- i. To create and maintain a database ii. Extract all records and list them especially those that met certain conditions iii. Meet an enquiry (about a customer/employer) iv. Sort record in ascending or descending order v. Generate formatted reports with sub totals and totals The above capabilities are considered by nearly all the sectors in the economy. Computer development in Nigeria since its introduction moved to all spheres. Now that computer education has been introduced in many schools and institutions, computer science students can be encouraged to open research grounds between computer utilization and all practices. Computer has fond its way into business environment by automating many corporate functions. Areas covered include sales and marketing, accounting, engineering etc. computer has since been used in Nigeria for commercial purposes as well as for recreation. The level of use for both purposes in our society is likely to give and be more purposeful in the nearest future. It is reasonable to expect share differences between developing countries such as Nigeria. Banking Services in Nigeria In Nigeria, the earliest banking activities were carried out by Elder Demister and company in 1894. In 1894, the bank British for West Africa (now first bank) took over the backing business and remained as the sole bank in the country until 1917, when the colonial bank, Barclays bank D. C. O (now the union bank) opened offices in Jos, Kano and Port Harcourt. These two banks are still in operations. The first indigenous banking, the industrial and commercial bank was established in 1929 but failed in 1930. The Nigerian merchant bank was formed in 1931 and went out of business in 1936. In 1933, the national bank of Nigeria opened. The next important event was not until 1945, when the Agbonmagbe (now Wema bank) was established. The African continental bank was formed in 1946 as â€Å"Tinubu bank† and changed its name to its present formed in 1947. The United Bank for Africa formally the British and French ban was opened in 1949. These last four banks are of course still in existence but whilst they were being established seven banks were also coming into being and disappearing almost as quickly. The collapse for example of the Nigeria penny in 1946, where many depositors lost their money pointed to the need for legislators to protect the public. The first banking ordinance appeared in 1952 and rules that no bank would be allowed to operate without a license from the government. Apart from the banks in existence at that time, eighteen new banks were granted license (Olashore, 1984). By 1954, seventeen of those eighteen banks had closed and it was then evident that stronger, more effective laws be established. The central bank of Nigeria took over for ensuring monetary stability and a sound financial structure throughout the economy. Today, there are many commercial banks of which United bank for Africa Plc is one and many merchant banks in operation. These banks above have various role been performed in the country’s economy. History of United Bank for Africa PLC The United bank for Africa limited has its antecedents rooted in that of its precursor, the British and French bank limited. The British and French bank limited itself, metamorphosed from BNCI Paris, Banque national Pourle commerce et 1 industries (established in 1932). Messrs E. G. Hunger Buhler and C. H Baker arrived in Nigeria in early 1949 from BNCI, Paris, and lodge at the britistol Hotel, Lagos. Both men made initial arrangement for the setting up of the British and French bank. Mr. Hunger left shortly after the bank was established while Mr. Baker stayed back for a few years as an officer. Another big influence on the establishment of the bank was Mr. Herve Laroche. He was the head of the rapid growth of the new bank. In May 1949, the British and French bank began operations in Nigeria, at 117, broad street, Lagos which today houses a part of the king’s way store complex. The bank occupied a floor of the building at the junction of Davres and Broad Street, facing the breadfruit church. The bank officially opened to business in December 1949 with staff strength of twelve, its first general manager was a Frenchman Mr.J. Piporaud who died in 1950 while swimming at the bar beach, Victoria Island, Lagos. He was succeeded by Mr. g. Martin, another Frenchman. One February 23, 1961, the united bank for Africa limited was in cooperated to take over the assets and liabilities of the British and French bank. The official opening of the bank for business under the n ew name was on October 3, 1961. Its registered office was at 127-129 Broad Street, Lagos, Mr. f. Delajugie was first general manager. By 1961, the bank had grown from its one office to ten branches located in Lagos, Kano, Kaduna and Port Harcourt. The branches that pioneered this early development of the bank included Kano branch established in 1954, Ebute Metta branch (May 1955), Apapa warehouse road branch (October 1956) and Lagos east (December 1958), At present, the bank has over 200 branches and staff strength of approximately 11,000. The bank had mapped out training programme of different kinds for its staff. Apart from attending courses at different levels at its staff training centre, some staff attends outside courses relevant to their jobs both locally and overseas. Role of Computer in the Banking Industryi. In invention and development of computer, it’s helpful devices which ease the burden of calculation and assistance to human effort. ii. Introduction of computer system reduces labour and cost activity to be performed by many workers are being done only by a machine iii. A computer is needed in banking industry for performing simple arithmetic and provides storage of data, for example, balance in customers major roles the storage stores the result of operation of the bank for future references. iv. One of it role can be seen also in foreign exchange transaction. It can easily convert the local currency. It can also give movement of stock and share in the stock exchange v. In the banking department it has enhance cashier cashing facilities checking balances etc. vi. The computer system can be used in the personal department of the industry in preparing employer payment, record of services, date of employee’s records. All the above are some role the computer is used for in the banking industry especially to the various department we have in the bank such as human resources, insurance, register, department etc.  it is seen that the machine carries out manual function many times faster than human being (Busola 1999) Important of Computer in the Sector The important of computer in the national development and the whole world cannot be over emphasized. A growing awareness of its importance has resulted in a proliferation of computer literacy sources. Importance of computer shows some area of computer appreciation which cut across many sph eres of human endeavour like education, government, defense, health utilities, agriculture, mining and of course business. The most visible appreciation apparent to most people is in the airline industry, banks and engineering. In 1984, it was predicted that dictators will use the computer to reduce the world. This is no doubt, following the rate of appreciation of computers in developing and underdeveloped countries, this statement will certainly come to pass. Basically, computers are useful in the following areas of application:- i. Architects, Engineers, land surveyor, use computer as aid to design bridges, machines or collecting related design on internet. ii. In business application such as sale and analysis, invoicing to read prices from special codes iii. Medical applications, computers are used to keep medical records, to store the history of patients and the degree of response to past treatment etc. iv. In law, they are used for information retrieval abstracts cases are stored and indexed in the computer v. For the government, they are used for compiling census and survey data. They are also used in planning and forecasting vi. Also in the business sector or houses such as banks, accounting forms, insurance companies etc. most application of computers in these companies are in the area of financial management and management information system vii. Educational applications like processing exam result. Today computers have made their task easier, less risky and less time consuming and more profitable Effort of United Bank for Africa Plc in Computerization Plans are being worked out to spread computerization into all branches of UBA plc. New application have been developed and one expected that by the year (2002) computerization of all state branches capitals and other urban branches must have been completed, since they were unable to achieve this, they hope for 2015. The computer systems that have been implicated have had their impact on the way the bank does things. The share registration system has hoped in their desire to satisfy their customer needs. When the system was implemented in 1977 we were registered to only 12 companies but today UBA plc is registered to many companies, with the number of companies now managed by the systems is expected to be on the upsurge. The branch accounting system that presently serves the Lagos area branches have provided the management of the branches with information that enhances the day to day activities of branch operations. This system is expected to enter its second phase whereby the customer will be able to device more direct benefit from the computerization program (Beryl 2006). Management now has an improved internal control system. Management efficiency is improved with provision of better, prompt and accuracy reports. Appreciable cost savings have been achieved through computerization with a reduction in overtime hours. Problem Facing Computer Innovation in Nigeria This project identifies apparent and real problems confronting the introduction and innovation of computer in the Nigeria banking sector. These are some of the problems:- i. Poor technological know how ii. Erratic power failure iii. Acquisition of obsolete equipment iv. Lack of technical skills v. Lack of capital In Nigeria, computer industry has not been established. Therefore, everything is controlled by advanced industrialization world. The purchase of the system and of sphere parts which requires hard currency and technological support and also to give constant training to user of the system are also a problem, in order to make it attractive for competent and responsible expatriated to come, a lot of money to maintain them, pay them in foreign exchange and after attractive leave grant. Many researches carried out by eminent personal with intention to see how computer can be incorporated into Nigeria education curriculum at all levels. The government should see to it that at least 85% of Nigeria populace will be computer literate by the year 2020. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY This research study deals with the significance of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria. It has become necessary to study the effect that computerization has both on the staff and customers of United bank for Africa plc (UBA) as the case study. This study will be conducted using primary source of information. It involves the administration of questionnaire of multiple choices serial to a cross section of staff of united bank for Africa plc Ilorin main branch. Also a good deal of information will come through other sources such as textbook, journals on banking U. B. A periodic books etc. The data collected will be subjected to statistical analysis using table simple chart, bar chart and chi-square. The important topic to be discussed in this chapter include:- i. Research design ii. Population iii. Sample and sampling techniques iv. The research instrument v. Validity and reliability of the instrument vi. Research procedure vii. Data analysis Research Design This research was due by employing the use of well designed questionnaire to elicit in